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1.
Pediatr Infect Dis J ; 43(3): 257-262, 2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38063508

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of glomerular and tubular renal dysfunction by means of urinalysis in infants and toddlers with congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) and their association with cCMV disease, viruria and antiviral treatment. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was done using the Spanish Registry of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection. First-morning urine samples were collected from January 2016 to December 2018 from patients <5 years old enrolled in Spanish Registry of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection. Samples were excluded in case of fever or other signs or symptoms consistent with acute infection, bacteriuria or bacterial growth in urine culture. Urinary protein/creatinine and albumin/creatinine ratios, urinary beta-2-microglobulin levels, hematuria and CMV viruria were determined. A 0.4 cutoff in the urinary albumin/protein ratio was used to define tubular (<0.4) or glomerular (>0.4) proteinuria. Signs and symptoms of cCMV at birth, the use of antivirals and cCMV-associated sequelae at last available follow-up were obtained from Spanish Registry of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection. RESULTS: Seventy-seven patients (37 females, 48.1%; median [interquartile range] age: 14.0 [4.4-36.2] months) were included. Symptom-free elevated urinary protein/creatinine and albumin/creatinine ratios were observed in 37.5% and 41.9% of patients, respectively, with tubular proteinuria prevailing (88.3%) over glomerular proteinuria (11.6%). Proteinuria in the nephrotic range was not observed in any patients. In multivariate analysis, female gender was the only risk factor for tubular proteinuria (adjusted odds ratio = 3.339, 95% confidence interval: 1.086-10.268; P = 0.035). cCMV disease at birth, long-term sequelae, viruria or the use of antivirals were not associated with urinalysis findings. CONCLUSIONS: Mild nonsymptomatic tubular proteinuria affects approximately 40% of infants and toddlers with mostly symptomatic cCMV in the first 5 years of life.


Assuntos
Infecções por Citomegalovirus , Citomegalovirus , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Creatinina , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/complicações , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Proteinúria/epidemiologia , Proteinúria/complicações , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Rim , Albuminas/uso terapêutico
2.
Pediatr. catalan ; 77(3): 100-104, jul.-sept. 2017. ilus
Artigo em Catalão | IBECS | ID: ibc-168785

RESUMO

Introducció: el citomegalovirus (CMV) és el principal agent infecciós causant de morbimortalitat infantil d'origen congènit en els països desenvolupats, amb una prevalença d'entre el 0,3 i el 2,4% dels nounats. La presentació clí-nica en el nounat és variable, i en la majoria dels casos és asimptomàtic. Quan la sospita diagnòstica es planteja més enllà dels 15 dies de vida cal fer diagnòstic diferencial amb formes postnatals. S'ha assajat la detecció de citomegalovirus mitjançant tècniques de reacció en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en la mostra de sang seca en el paper utilitzat per a la prova de detecció precoç dels nadons. Cas clínic: el primer cas és una lactant de 8 mesos amb microcefàlia detectada als 6 mesos de vida, associada a retard psicomotor global i pobra resposta auditiva. El segon cas és una lactant de 4 mesos derivada per estancament del perímetre cranial. En l'exploració destaca un pobre seguiment visual i hipotonia. En totes dues pacients es va practicar RM cerebral i es van detectar troballes compati-bles amb infecció congènita per citomegalovirus. Es va sol•licitar la mostra de sang seca per fer la determinació de PCR de citomegalovirus i es va confirmar el diagnòstic. Comentaris: la infecció congènita per CMV continua pre-sentant grans interrogants. A Espanya no es fa cribratge serològic sistemàtic per CMV durant l'embaràs. L'únic mètode per distingir entre infecció congènita o adquirida més enllà de les dues setmanes de vida és la realització de PCR per citomegalovirus en la sang utilitzada per la prova del taló


Introducción. El citomegalovirus (CMV) es el principal agente infeccioso causante de morbimortalidad infantil de origen congénito en los países desarrollados, con una prevalencia de entre el 0,3% y el 2,4% de los recién nacidos. La presentación clínica en el recién nacido es variable, y en la mayoría de los casos es asintomático. Cuando la sospecha diagnóstica se plantea más allá de los 15 días de vida hay que hacer diagnóstico diferencial con formas postnatales. Se ha ensayado la detección de citomegalovirus mediante técnicas de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en la muestra de sangre seca en el papel utilizado para la prueba de detección precoz de los recién nacidos. Caso clínico. El primer caso es una lactante de 8 meses con microcefalia detectada a los 6 meses de vida, asociada a retraso psicomotor global y pobre respuesta auditiva. El segundo caso es una lactante de 4 meses derivada por estancamiento del perímetro craneal. En la exploración destaca un pobre seguimiento visual e hipotonía. En ambas pacientes se practicó RM cerebral y se detectaron hallazgos compatibles con infección congénita por citomegalovirus. Se solicitó la muestra de sangre seca para realizar la determinación de PCR de citomegalovirus y se confirmó el diagnóstico. Comentarios. La infección congénita por CMV sigue presentando grandes interrogantes. En España no se realiza cribado serológico sistemático por CMV durante el embarazo. El único método para distinguir entre infección congénita o adquirida más allá de las dos semanas de vida es la realización de PCR por citomegalovirus en la sangre utilizada para la prueba del talón (AU)


Introduction. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading infectious agent causing congenital infant morbidity and mortality in developed countries, with an estimated prevalence of 0.3% to 2.4% of newborns. The clinical presentation in the newborn is variable, although it is asymptomatic in most cases. When the diagnosis is suspected beyond 15 days of life it is necessary to consider a differential diagnosis with postnatal forms. Detection of CMV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of dry blood spots collected for routine neonatal screening from all newborns has been proposed for congenital CMV infection screening. Case report. The first case is an eight months old infant with microcephaly detected at 6 months of life associated with poor auditory response and psychomotor retardation. The second case is a 4 months old infant with stagnation of head circumference. Examination revealed poor visual tracking and hypotonia. In both patients brain MRI disclosed typical alterations associated with congenital CMV infection. Dried blood sample obtained from heel stick at birth was used for determination of CMV infection by PCR. Comments. Congenital CMV infection continues to present major challenges. In Spain no systematic serological screening of CMV is performed during pregnancy. The only method for distinguishing between congenital or acquired infection beyond the two weeks of life is the PCR test using dry blood obtained for newborn screening (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Lactente , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/congênito , Citomegalovirus/patogenicidade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Triagem Neonatal , Estudos Retrospectivos , Microcefalia/complicações
3.
Clin Infect Dis ; 64(10): 1335-1342, 2017 May 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28158709

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: DNA detection of human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a marker of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in congenital hCMV infection (cCMV), but its prognostic value is unknown. METHODS: A multicenter, retrospective study was performed using the Spanish Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection Database (REDICCMV; http://www.cmvcongenito.es). Newborns with cCMV and a lumbar puncture performed were included and classified according to their hCMV-PCR in CSF result (positive/negative). Clinical characteristics, neuroimaging abnormalities, plasma viral load, and audiological and neurological outcomes of both groups were compared. RESULTS: A total of 136 neonates were included in the study: 21 (15.4%) with positive CSF hCMV-PCR and 115 (84.6%) with negative results. Seventeen patients (81%) in the positive group were symptomatic at birth compared with 52.2% of infants in the negative group (odds ratio [OR], 3.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28-14.1; P = .01). Only 4 asymptomatic newborns (6.8%) had a positive CSF hCMV-PCR. There were no differences between groups regarding the rate of microcephaly, neuroimaging abnormalities, neurological sequelae at 6 months of age, or plasma viral load. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) at birth was associated with a positive CSF hCMV-PCR result (OR, 3.49; 95% CI, 1.08-11.27; P = .04), although no association was found at 6 months of age. CONCLUSIONS: A positive hCMV-PCR result in CSF is associated with symptomatic cCMV and SNHL at birth. However, no differences in neuroimaging studies, plasma viral load, or outcomes at 6 months were found. These results suggest that hCMV-PCR in CSF may not be a useful prognostic marker in cCMV.


Assuntos
Infecções por Citomegalovirus/congênito , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Citomegalovirus/isolamento & purificação , DNA Viral/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Infecções Assintomáticas , Citomegalovirus/genética , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/complicações , DNA Viral/sangue , DNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/virologia , Seguimentos , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/virologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Microcefalia/virologia , Neuroimagem , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Saliva/virologia , Punção Espinal , Carga Viral
6.
Pediatr. catalan ; 66(2): 47-52, mar.-abr. 2006. graf
Artigo em Ca | IBECS | ID: ibc-047495

RESUMO

Fundamento. La hiperfrecuentación de una parte de lapoblación pediátrica es una realidad diaria en nuestrasconsultas. Existen trabajos que relacionan este “abuso” delos servicios sanitarios con diferentes factores y entre ellos,los posibles trastornos psicológicos maternos.Objetivo. Analizar los factores asociados a la hiperfrecuentaciónpediátrica en atención primaria (AP), y la relacióncon trastornos psicológicos maternos.Método. Estudio observacional retrospectivo de niñosque acudieron a consultas de AP, seleccionados por muestreoaleatorio sistemático. Se registró el número de consultasrealizadas el año previo, definiéndose 2 grupos: hiperfrecuentadores(≥ 7 visitas/año), normofrecuentadores(< 7 visitas/año). En un cuestionario cumplimentado por lospadres se recogen las variables individuales, socioeconómicasy geográficas y el cuestionario PRIME MD de Pfizer SApara la detección de trastornos del estado del ánimo ytrastornos de ansiedad. Análisis estadístico SPSS 8.0.Resultados. Se incluyeron 124 pacientes, 57 niños(46%), 67 niñas (54%), rango de edad de 1 a 14 años.Resultaron 60 hiperfrecuentadores (48.4%), 64 normofrecuentadores(51.6%). Un 15,8% de las madres presentabantrastorno del estado del ánimo, el 8.3% trastorno por ansiedady un 8.3% ambos; frente un 67.5% sin ningún trastorno.No se observa relación estadísticamente significativaentre hiperfrecuentación y las variables: sexo, ingresoshospitalarios, enfermedad crónica, lactancia materna, nivelde estudios de los padres, cuidador habitual, nº de hijos,distancia al Centro de AP, edad de los padres y psicopatologíamaterna. Se observa relación entre hiperfrecuentacióny nº de orden del hijo (hiperfrecuenta más elsegundo), edad menor del niño y en menores de 3 años,aquéllos que van a guardería (RR=6).Conclusiones. La psicopatología materna no parece serun factor que influya en la hiperfrecuentación. La edad inferiora los tres años, que coincide con la asistencia a guarderíay una mayor prevalencia de la patología respiratoria,justifican la hiperfecuentación. El segundo hijo, expuesto aun mayor contagio por parte del hermano, también se relacionacon sobreutilización de los servicios sanitarios


Background. Over-attendance to pediatric primary careby a small group of patients is a consistent feature amongdifferent primary care centers. Studies indicate that thisover-use of the health care system is related to several factors,including maternal psychological disturbances.Objective. To analyze the factors associated with overattendanceto pediatric primary care and its relationshipwith maternal psychological disturbances.Methods. Retrospective study of children who attendeda primary care center, selected by a systematic aleatorysampling. The number of consults made during theprevious year was recorded, and two groups were defined:over-attendants (≥ 7 visits/year) and average-attendants(< 7 visits/year). The parents filled a questionnaire that includedpersonal characteristics, and socio-economic andgeographic data, and the PRIME MD questionnaire (Pfizer)for the detection of emotional and anxiety disorders. Statisticalanalysis was performed using SPSS 8.0.Results. One-hundred twenty-four patients (54% girls)with ages ranging between 1 and 14 years were included.Sixty patients (48.4%) were considered over-attendants.Emotional disturbances were found in 15.8% of the mothers,anxiety disorders in 8.3%, and both in 8.3%. No statisticalrelationship was found between over-attendanceand the following variables: gender, hospital admissions,chronic illness, breast feeding, parental educational level,usual caretaker, number of children, distance to the primarycare center, parental age, and maternal behavioraldisturbances. We found a relationship between over-attendanceand the numerical order of the child (secondchildren tend to over-attend more), younger child ageand, for those children in day care, age younger than 3years (RR = 6).Conclusions. Maternal psychopathology does not influenceover-attendance in pediatric primary care. Over-attendanceis associated with children younger than 3 yearswho are in day care, with a higher prevalence of respiratoryillnesses, and with the second child


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , Humanos , Mau Uso de Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviços de Saúde da Criança/estatística & dados numéricos , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Mães/estatística & dados numéricos , Morbidade , Estudos Retrospectivos
7.
Pediatr. catalan ; 63(6): 319-323, nov.-dic. 2003. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-142178

RESUMO

Fundamento. Con la aparición de las leches artificiales se produjo una disminución de la lactancia materna que se ha ido corrigiendo gracias a las campañas de promoción. Para mejorar la prevalencia y duración de la lactancia materna es fundamental conocer la situación actual y los factores que la condicionan. Estos datos varían según los estudios. Objetivo. Conocer la evolución de la prevalencia y los factores que influyen en la instauración y el mantenimiento de la lactancia materna en nuestra área. Método. Estudio retrospectivo revisando las historias clínicas de los recién nacidos de los periodos 1998-1999 y 2000-2001. Se analizaron las variables: edad materna, paridad, duración, motivo de abandono, motivo de no inicio y tipo de trabajo materno. Resultados. Se registraron 517 historias, 236 del primer periodo y 281 del segundo. Iniciaron lactancia materna el 68.6% y el 71.9% respectivamente. La duración media de la lactancia materna fue de 90.9 y 104.7 días. Las causas más frecuentes de no instauración de lactancia materna fueron las indicaciones médicas y la voluntad materna. Los factores que condicionan de manera más importante la duración fueron las indicaciones médicas al inicio, el trabajo entre los 2 y los 4 meses y la voluntad materna después. Conclusiones. Hemos apreciado que en nuestra área la prevalencia de lactancia materna presenta una discreta tendencia a aumentar tanto en porcentage de inicio como en duración, y que los factores que más influyen en la decisión de iniciar o mantener la lactancia materna son la voluntad materna, las indicaciones médicas y el trabajo (AU)


Background. The introduction of formula feeding resulted in a significant decrease in the use of breastfeeding, which has been partially corrected recently as a result of public health campaigns. In order to improve the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding, it is necessary to evaluate the current feeding practices and the determining factors in our population. Objective. To describe the trends in the prevalence of breastfeeding, and to evaluate the factors that influence its practice and maintenance in our population. Method. In this retrospective study, we reviewed the charts of all infants born in two periods, 1998-1999, and 2000-2001. The following variables were analyzed: maternal age, parity, feeding practice, duration, cause for discontinuation, cause for not using breastfeeding, and maternal work. Results. We reviewed 517 charts (first period, 236 infants; second period, 281 infants). Breastfeeding was started in 68.6% and 71.9% of the infants, respectively. The mean duration of breastfeeding was 90.9 and 104.7 days, respectively. The most common reasons for not starting breastfeeding were medical indications and maternal preference. The factors that conditioned the duration of breastfeeding were medical indications at the beginning, maternal work between 2 and 4 months, and maternal choice thereafter. Conclusions. We have documented an increase in the practice and duration of breastfeeding in our area. The factors that determine its use and duration are maternal preferences, medical indications, and maternal work (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Aleitamento Materno/métodos , Aleitamento Materno/tendências , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Promoção da Saúde , Estudos Retrospectivos , Paridade/fisiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
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